![]() acnes strains have been reported to be resistant to topical macrolides in many countries ( Walsh et al., 2016). aureus (MRSA) is estimated to cause between 11,000 and 21,000 deaths annually in the United States ( Dantes et al., 2013). These six pathogens show growing number of strains with multidrug-resistant profile which are responsible for high morbidity and mortality in patients ( Boucher et al., 2009). ![]() aureus are included in the list of six “ESKAPE” pathogens ( Enterococcus faecium, S. Over the past decade, a rise in antibiotic resistant strains of these species have been reported. aeruginosa) ( Chim et al., 2007 Sensenig et al., 2012). baumannii and hot tub folliculitis for P. Various microbes are involved in skin diseases including Staphylococcus aureus, which is a leading cause of SSTIs and is also implicated in atopic dermatitis ( Dryden, 2009) Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes) another Gram-positive bacterium, which can cause acne vulgaris, blepharitis, dandruff and psoriasis ( Findley and Grice, 2014) Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococci, which cause impetigo, erysipelas, and necrotizing fasciitis ( Bisno and Stevens, 1996) as well as Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa – three Gram-negative bacteria that are implicated in burn wound infections and various types of SSTIs (e.g., necrotizing fasciitis for A. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) encompass a broad set of conditions encountered frequently in clinical practice, with severities ranging from simple infections, such as subcutaneous abscesses, to life-threatening infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis. These results highlight the relevance of ancient medical texts as leads for the discovery of natural products with antimicrobial activities. We also identified one compound tied to the antibacterial activity observed, ginkgolic acid C15:1, and examine its toxicity to human keratinocytes. pyogenes), and thus validated its use in TCM. We demonstrate here that Ginkgo seed coats and immature seeds exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram-positive skin pathogens ( C. We performed antibacterial assays on various Ginkgo seed extracts against pathogens ( Staphylococcus aureus, Cutibacterium acnes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Streptococcus pyogenes) relevant to skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). We reviewed a 16th-century Chinese text, the Ben Cao Gang Mu by Li Shi-Zhen, to investigate the ancient prescription of Ginkgo seeds for skin infections. ![]() Besides studies on the neuro-protective effects of Ginkgo, its antibacterial activities have gained more attention from researchers in the past decades, though its leaves were the main focus. Its seeds have been used as snacks and medical materials in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), while over the last century its leaf extracts emerged as a source of rising pharmaceutical commerce related to brain health in Western medicine. Ginkgo biloba, a tree native to China, has been spread around the world as an ornamental tree. In the search for new therapeutic solutions to address an increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, secondary metabolites from plants have proven to be a rich source of antimicrobial compounds. ![]() 2Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.1Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.François Chassagne 1†, Xinyi Huang 1†, James T.
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